影响农民工精神健康的社会因素

本项研究运用定量数据从个体的社会经济地位、迁移压力和社会资本三个角度，分析了影响农民工精神健康的社会因素。研究发现：（1）相对社会经济地位对农民工的精神健康产生的影响远大于绝对社会经济地位的影响；（2）农民工群体的迁移过程面临的压力，例如被排斥、不公平待遇等会对他们的精神健康产生较大的消极影响；（3）相较于其他群体，社会资本和精神健康的关系在农民工群体中的表现更为复杂。有的社会资本对精神健康有积极的影响，例如信任和网络密度；而有的社会资本则对精神健康产生消极影响。

Social Factors Influencing Peasant Workers’ Mental Health

Base on the survey data collected in Xiamen in 2008, this study analyzed peasant workers’ health status and the influencing social factors. The SCL 90 scale was applied to measure peasant workers’ mental health, which showed that peasant workers’ mental health did not measure up with that of other groups in our society. Using the SCL 90 score as the dependent variable, and three factors of individual SES (sex, age, income, and relative socioeconomic status), migrant pressure and social capital (trust, network) as predictors, a regression model was constructed, which yielded the following outcomes:1) gender, age and marriage influenced mental health significantly, with male peasant workers better than their female counterparts, elder peasant workers better than their younger counterparts, and those married or divorced better than singles; 2) individuals’ absolute SES did not have significant impact on mental health but their relative SES did; 3) the factor of migrant pressure significantly influenced mental health, and it was a strong predictor – peasant workers as a group migrating to cities for employment turned out to be a main cause for their low mental health as compared with other groups as they might have suffered from the negative impact of all kinds of pressures they had to face in the migration process such as exclusion and unfair treatments from local groups; and 4) the influences of different factors in social capital on mental health varied, some positive, some negative. Network density that indicated interaction with colleagues and neighbors had positive influences on mental health, i.e., the higher the frequency, the lower score of their SCL 90 measure and fewer neurotic symptoms. Although not reaching the significance level, the impact of trust on this group’s mental health was in the positive direction.