断层文化论

人类文化的发展既有连续发展的一面 ,也有不连续发展的一面 ,但以往的文化研究只注重连续发展的一面 ,而仅仅从连续发展的一面进行文化研究 ,就不可能对文化发展得出全面的结论 ,导致许多文化现象不能解释 ,或者对历史上诸多文化现象视而不见。因此 ,对文化的研究 ,既要注重渐进的、累积的一面 ,也不能忽视断续发展的一面。“断层文化”概念是在对人类文化史上普遍存在的文化失落、文化绝灭、文化裂变、文化跃迁等客观事实研究的基础上 ,概括出的一个文化理论研究的高级范畴。首先 ,在人类文化史上 ,文化断层的存在具有普遍性 ,几乎每一地区的文化史、每一民族的文化史中都存在 ;第二 ,愈是文化古老的地区 ,断层烈度和密度也愈大。文化断层的客观和普遍存在 ,说明文化的发展存在着间断性发展的一面 ;文化发展的规律并不仅仅是量变质变规律 ,还有突变的规律 ,突变的规律在一定的条件下 ,甚至会起决定性的作用。沿着文化断层的深入和回溯 ,可以发现世界各地区古代先民具有强大的科技和文化创新能力 ,这一点隔着历史的空间和我们自身理论研究视线的遮蔽而对之有所低估。对断层文化的研究 ,可以弥补当今文化研究的缺漏 ,对疑古学派长期盘踞文化研究领域形成的偏颇局面也是一种非常必要和重要的修正。

On the Fault Culture

The advancement of human culture has dual character:that of succession and that of unsuccession.The former studies in culture only paid attention to the character of succession,which was so impossible to have drawn an overall conclusion that many cultural phenomena cannot be explained or that a good deal of them have been turned a blind eye to.Therefore,the studies in culture should not only attach importance to its successive character but also cannot ignore its unsuccessive character.The concept "fault culture",which is a high-level category in theoretical studies of culture,is generalized on the basis of the studies on the objective facts of cultural loss,cultural extinction,cultural fission,and cultural leap etc.which universally exist in human cultural history.In human cultural history,the cultural fault is of universality which almost exists in the cultural history of every area and every nation.The more ancient the area is,the greater and wider the density and fracture of the fault are.The facts of the cultural fault show that the advancement of culture has a character of discontinuity.The law of cultural development is not merely that of quantitative change amd qualitative change,but is that of sudden change which even plays a decisive part in certain conditions.Looking back upon the cultural faults in history,we can find that the ancient ancestors in every area of the world had powerful innovation abilities for culture as well as science and technology which are underrated by us because the historical space and the limitation of our vision lines in theoretical research prevent us from seeing them.The research on the fault culture can make up for the losses in present cultural research and it is also a necessary and important remedy for the bias formed by sceptical-about-ancient school which has entrenched itself over a long period of time in the field of cultural research.