《侵权责任法》中医疗损害赔偿归责原则及举证责任分配探析

《侵权责任法》实施前,医疗损害赔偿实行的过错责任原则及举证责任倒置规则因课以医疗机构较重的举证责任而饱受诟病。《侵权责任法》意图将举证责任在患方和医疗机构之间进行均衡,但存在矫枉过正之嫌,过错推定责任原则的作用十分有限。为确保公平公正,应借鉴其他国家先进立法例,减轻患者的初步证明责任,以求平衡医患双方利益,缓和医患双方矛盾,更好地解决纠纷。

A Study of the Principle of Imputation and Allocation of Burden of Proof in Medical Damage Compensation in the Tort Law

Before the implementation of the Tort Law,the principle of imputation in the medical damage compensation is the principle of fault liability.The burden of proof is "litigation burden of proof".This allocation of the burden of proof suffered perennial criticism from medical institutions.The Tort law is intended to balance the burden of proof between the patients and the medical institutions.This article argues that the Tort Law seems to be defective for overcorrection and the role of the principle of presumption of fault liability is very limited.This article argues that to ensure fairness and justice,China should use the successful experience of legislations from other countries and regions,relieve the patients’ initial burden of proof,so as to balance the interests of both doctors and patients,ease the contradiction and settle the disputes.