在民族心智与文化差异之后——以威廉·洪堡的语言哲学思想为出发点

康德的"先天综合判断"命题不仅在知识学中有效,而且也在与人类心智有关的其他领域起作用.这里讨论的民族心智和文化差异,便与康德的这一命题相关,另一方面也与威廉·洪堡关于各种具体语言以及在它们之后隐蔽地发挥作用的共同语言结构的设想有关.其设想后来在乔姆斯基的生成语法中得到发展.这个问题揭示出各种文化与世界观体系的差异性,这里则首先归结为:在作为民族心智和文化差异的各种不同世界观的背后,是否可能存在着一个先天的、为人类社会所共有的普遍世界观体系,它体现出人之为人的最基本要素或共性?

Behind the Diversity of National Minds and Cultures——with Wilhelm von Humboldt's Thought on Philosophy of Language as a Starting Point

Kant's proposition of "innate and synthetic judgment" not only has effects in epistemology, but also in other fields relevant to human mind. The diversity of national minds and cultures being discussed herein is just related to this proposition of Kant, as well as to Wilhelm Humboldt's assumption of the common structure of language, which plays a secret role behind all kinds of specific languages. This assumption was developed later in Noam Chomsky's "transformational-generative grammar". The very issue to be discussed here discloses the diversity of various cultures and systems of world outlook, which should firstly be established as this: behind the different world outlook that stands for the diversity of the national minds and cultures, is it possible for there to be an innate common system of world outlook shared by all human communities, which presents the most basic element for man to be man?