公共利益观念:一个思想史的考察

公共利益贯穿着人类社会发展的全部过程.在古希腊时期,“公共利益”仅仅是作为一个整体的城邦的“共同利益”即“共同善”.在理性启蒙时代,人们相信理性有能力设计一种个人利益与社会公共利益相互协调的政治社会结构,公共利益成为一种社会构建原则.但功利主义认为,社会政治秩序是在个人不考虑公共利益的情况下追求自身利益最大化的过程中无意而自然形成的.及至当代,公共利益观念呈现价值纷乱的多重景观.马克思主义唯物史观认为,公共利益只有在“自由人的联合体”中才能得到真正实现.

The Concept of Public interest:An Investigation Based on History of Thought

Public interest plays an important role through the whole process of the development of human society.In the period of ancient Greek,"Public interest"is just the "common interest" or "common good" of the whole city-state.In the age of rationality enlightenment,people believe that rationality has the ability to design a political and social structure which can coordinate personal interest and public interest,public interest becomes a principle of social construction.However,utilitarianism advocates that social and political order is naturally formed in the process of people pursuit their own interests while ignoring the public interest.At present,the concept of public interest presents multiple values.Marx materialism advocates that public value can be only realized in "Joint of free men".