康德私法哲学中的占有

康德的占有学说极具开创性，影响了萨维尼等学者。康德认为社会分为自然状态和文明状态。文明状态是有法律状态，建立在分配正义基础之上，自然状态中则无法律和分配正义。占有是人的生存必要条件，也是人的天赋权利，自然状态下的占有是暂时的、不安的。只有个人意志经过联合形成公共意志——法律，文明社会才能形成，占有才能受到法律的保护。文明社会中的占有才是真正的占有。康德的占有学说对理解民法和刑法中占有的不同具有启示性和可操作性。

Study on Kant's Philosophy of Possession in Private Laws

Kant''s doctrine of possession is very groundbreaking, which affected Savigny and other scholars deeply. Kant believes that society is divided into natural state and civilized state. Civilized State is a state of law, based on the distribution of justice. While the natural state has no law and no distribution of justice. Possession is a requisite and the natural rights for human people. Only by uniting the individual wills together we can have the public law, which can then form the civilized state and protect the personal possession. This paper thinks that Kant''s doctrine of possession is instructive and operable to understand the difference between civil law and criminal law.