欧盟人工智能战略框架下的伦理准则及其国际含义

近年来,人工智能技术不断发展,对人类生活产生了巨大影响。人工智能已经成为新时期国际竞争的重点领域之一。在此背景下,欧盟意识到人工智能的重要意义,为此先后出台了《欧洲人工智能》与《人工智能协调计划》等重要政策文件,相关战略框架初步成型。在此基础上,2019年4月欧盟发布了《可信人工智能伦理准则》与《建立以人为本的可信人工智能》两个政策文件,明确提出七条关键伦理要求,对欧盟的人工智能战略框架做了补充与细化。本文在简要回溯欧盟人工智能战略框架的基础上,具体阐释了欧盟人工智能伦理准则的核心内涵,分析了其出台动因及国际含义。本文认为该准则的出台可以视为欧盟把握战略机遇、应对多重发展挑战、发挥自身机制优势而做出的重要战略调整。结合欧盟在此方面的举措,本文进一步思考了其对中国人工智能发展的相关启示,提出中国应保持既有发展优势,建立并完善官方伦理监管体系,积极参与并推动国际人工智能伦理标准的制定。

AI Ethics Guideline and Its International Implications under the Framework of the EU AI Strategy

With the development of AI technology in recent years and its huge impact on human life, AI has become one of the key areas for international competition in the new era. Keenly aware of the importance of AI, the EU has established the initial framework of its AI strategy by releasing a series of important policy documents, including Artificial Intelligence for Europe and Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence. On top of this, two more documents titled Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI and Building Trust in Human-Centric Artificial Intelligence released in April 2019 set seven key requirements for trustworthy AI, which offer further elaboration and refinement to the framework. This paper discusses the establishment of the framework, and analyzes the gist of the AI ethics guidelines, EU’s motivations, and international implications. The guidelines can be seen as an important strategic adjustment aimed at grasping vital strategic opportunities, coping with multiple development challenges, and making full use of its own institutional advantages. In addition, this paper further discusses the implications for China’s AI development, and proposes that China should maintain its existing AI advantages, set up an official ethical regulatory system, and promote the drafting of international AI ethical standards.