发达国家私人部门提供公共服务形式探析

在发达国肌，公共服务的提供可以有多种方式，既可以选择完全由公共部门来提供，也可以由私人部门代为提供，还可以将二者综合在一起形成公共要私人部门的合作关系。私人部门提供公共服务的方式有外包、特许、拨款、票券、志愿者、自助组织以及非盈利机构等。但是在实际生活中，从政治压力的角度来看，要减少政府支出、减少或限制税收以及公共服务收费的呼声愈来愈高，这将迫使政府求助于私人部门以这样或那样的方式提供这些人们目前称之为市政公共事业的服务。

An Analysis of the Mode of Private Sector Provision in Public Service in the Developed Countries

In developed countries, there are a lot of ways for public service provision. The public service may be completely provided by public sector, and it may be provided by private sectors. It may still be provided through the cooperation between public sector and private sector. The way of private sector provision includes outward charter, special permission, allocation, coupons, volunteer, self-help organization and non-profit organizations, and so on. Actually, increasing demands to reduce government expenditure, taxation and public service price exert tremendous pressure on the government, which compels it at present to seek help in private sectors to provide services that are called municipal public enterprises in this or that way.