霸权地位与制度开放性:解释美国对联合国教科文组织影响力的演变

分析和解释国家对国际组织的影响力是本文的理论目标,而解释美国对联合国教科文组织的影响力是本文的实证目标。论文认为,霸权地位和制度开放性这两个主要变量共同作用,塑造了美国在联合国教科文组织中的影响力变化。二战后,美国的国家实力经历了一个从顶峰到相对衰落再到复兴的过程,而联合国教科文组织是一个相当开放的国际组织。因此,美国的影响力也相应地发生了变化,并在1984年退出了这一组织。2003年,美国重新加入,标志着美国希望通过自己的优势地位重新影响和塑造联合国教科文组织。但是,由于这一组织本身的开放性,美国的影响力虽然比七八十年代有所增强,但目前来看仍然属于实质性的影响力。

Hegemonic Status and Institutional Openness:Explaining the Evolution of American Influence on UNESCO

This article takes the explanation of state influence on international organizations as its theoretical objective,and the US influence on UNESCO as the empirical objective.The article argues that hegemonic status and institutional openness together shape the evolution of US influence on UNESCO.After the Second World War,the US national power has experienced a process of relative decline from the peak of its strength,and then a rebound.Since UNESCO is a very open international institution,US influence in the institution has also evolved,leading to US withdrawal from the institution in 1984.In 2003,the US rejoined UNESCO,and showed that it wanted to shape this organization again through its supreme status.However,because of the institutional openness,the US is still unable to dominate UNESCO although its influence has risen as compared to that in the 1970s and 1980s.Therefore,the US again has a substantial influence on UNESCO as in the 1950s.