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Multilevel embeddedness: The case of the global fisheries governance complex
Institution:1. Nuffield College and Department of Politics & International Relations, University of Oxford, New Road, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom;2. Chair of Social Networks, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstr. 50, CH-8029 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Social Network Analysis Research (SoNAR) Center, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland;4. School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9P, United Kingdom;1. Nuffield College and Department of Politics & International Relations, University of Oxford, New Road, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom;2. Chair of Social Networks, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstr. 50, CH-8029 Zürich, Switzerland;3. Social Network Analysis Research (SoNAR) Center, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6904 Lugano, Switzerland;4. School of Social Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9P, United Kingdom;1. Department of Biology & Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States;2. Duke Network Analysis Center, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States;3. School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa;1. IESEG School of Management (LEM CNRS 9221), Lille/Paris, France;2. IESE Business School, University of Navarra, Barcelona, Spain. Supported by the European Research Council –Ref. ERC-2011-StG 283300-REACTOPS and by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) – Ref. ECO2014-59998-P;3. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;1. Chair of Social Networks, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;2. Social Network Analysis Research Center, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland;3. Catholic University of Rome, Italy;4. University of Greenwich, UK;1. Victorian Funds Management Corporation & Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Australia;2. Department of Finance, The University of Melbourne, Australia;3. Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia;1. The Ohio State University, School of Environment and Natural Resources, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States;2. University of Michigan, School for Environment and Sustainability, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States;3. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 72510 Coyote Road, Pendleton, OR, 97801, United States
Abstract:This paper explores how bilateral and multilateral clustering are embedded in a multilevel system of interdependent networks. We argue that in complex systems in which bilateral and multilateral relations are themselves interrelated, such as global fisheries governance, embeddedness cannot be reduced to unipartite or bipartite clustering but implicates multilevel closure. We elaborate expectations for ties’ multilevel embeddedness based on network theory and substantive considerations and explore them using a multilevel ERGM. We find states’ bilateral ties are embedded in their shared membership in multilateral fisheries agreements, which is itself clustered around foci represented by similar content and treaty secretariats.
Keywords:Clustering  Multilevel networks  Exponential random graph models  Bilateral agreements  Multilateral agreements  Global fisheries governance
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