我国转基因食品标识立法的冲突与协调

我国转基因食品标识囿于缺乏统一立法，地方立法监管无序，标识制度难以落实。基于立法体制特征与立法文本呈现，审视转基因食品标识立法体系，转基因食品标识中央立法分散、相互交叉冲突；转基因食品标识地方立法与中央立法规定和立法精神相违背。转基因食品标识立法矛盾丛生的主要根源在于转基因食品标识立法理念不一，立法权限划分模糊，地方立法保护主义滥用，国家立法监督制度缺位，制约了立法效果的实现。借鉴美国统一标识制度安排及其协调立法冲突的经验，进而立足本土需求，消解我国标识立法冲突之虞，中央立法应尽快制定统一的转基因食品具体标识规则，完善立法监督制度；地方立法应坚持“不抵触原则”，提升立法质量，实现保障食品安全、保护市场主体权益的立法价值目标。

Conflict and Coordination of Legislation on Genetically-modified Food in China

It is difficult to implement the identification of genetically-modified foods in China for the lack of a uniform legislation and the corresponding disorder in local legislative supervision. Based on the characteristics of the legislative system and the presentation of legislative texts,this paper reviews the legislative system for genetically-modified food labeling and finds that the central legislation is contradictory and loose in structure; the local legislation breaches central legislative provisions and legislative spirit. The main reasons for this predicament include inconsistence of legislative concepts,ambiguous division of legislative authority,prevalence of local legislative protectionism and absence of national legislative supervision system,which downsizes the legislative effects. The proposed solutions are as follows:(1) to learn from the American experiences in unified identification system arrangement and coordinating legislative conflicts; (2) to formulate the unified genetically-modified food specific labeling rules and adjust the legislative supervision system to local conditions; (3) to adhere to the principle of no contradiction in local legislation; (4) to improve the quality of legislation and achieve the legislative value goal of safeguarding food safety and protecting the rights and interests of market entities.