农村互助型社会养老:中国特色与发展路径

农村互助型社会养老是具有中国特色的社会养老的发展形式,是对农村传统家庭养老的重要补充。它扎根于农村传统的亲邻互助网络,其本质在于经济互助,表现为有组织地发动邻里、志愿等社会力量,充分利用以老年人为主的各类人力资源的闲置时间、资源低成本地相互帮助和服务。社会各界应将其作为重要实施方略,纳入积极应对人口老龄化战略和乡村振兴战略之中。其发展路径可以概括为:以资金互助为基础,以组织动员为抓手,以服务互助为重点,以社区居家养老为主要阵地,创新各类互助养老模式,着力形成稳定多元的资金来源,培育互助队伍,增加互助内容,从无偿到无偿、低偿相结合,探索建立标准规范的服务管理评估制度,机构养老与社区居家养老互联互通,最终尝试建立圈层化、整合化、网络化、制度化的农村互助型社会养老体系。

Mutual-Aid Social Care in Rural Areas: Chinese Characteristics and Path

Mutual-aid social care is the form of social care with Chinese characteristics, which is an important supplement to the traditional family care in rural areas. It is rooted in the traditional rural neighboring and mutual-aid network. The essence is the economic mutual-aid and mobilizing social forces, resources and idle time of all kinds of people especially the elder people, to help each other at a low cost. We should take it as an important strategy to actively addressing population ageing and rural revitalization. The path of development can be summarized as follows: first, to form a stable and multiple sources of funds on the basis of economic mutual assistance; second, to effectively utilize various operating subjects and human resources, that is taking organizational mobilization as the grasp; Thirdly, to focus on services and gradually expand the content of mutual assistance and explore the establishment of mutual-aid. Finally, we should pay attention to the combination of community-based services and institutional services and establish mutual-aid social care system with the character of rating-circle, internalization, networking and institutionalization.