汉语词类超常活用及典型性探讨

汉语词类超常活用有以下几种情形：名词超常活用为动词、形容词或副词，形容词超常活用为名词、动词或副词；数词先活用为形容词，再超常活用为动词；从主谓复合名词中析出动词，但其义与欲表达之义完全不同；从专有名词析出姓和从外来普通双音节单纯词析出音节组合，活用为专用称呼语；主要表现如下：复杂的概念化，改变形式和概念结构，不合语法，语义艰涩难懂，逻辑结构层次级差超过一；超常成因复杂，超常典型性级差显著。

A Study of Supernormal Word-class Shift in Chinese and the Typicality

Supernormal word-class shift in Chinese is classified into the following types: from noun to verb, adjective or adverb; from adjective to noun, verb or adverb; from numeral first to adjective and then to verb; the verb separated out from a subject-predicate compound noun, whose meaning is quite different from what to be expressed; the combination of the surname separated out from a name and the syllable separated out from a bi-syllable simple foreign word, which is used as a new proper noun . The main manifestation is as follows, complex conceptualization, ungrammatical, too much difficulty in semantic understanding, more than one logical structure level across the represented concepts of components in the same frame. The causes are various. The difference of typicality hierarchy is obvious.