残疾社会模式及其对我国残疾人养老保障体系建构的启示

国际残疾研究的模式经历了宗教／道德模式、个人／医疗模式和社会模式。残疾社会模式否认残疾是个人问题，强调社会环境因素对残疾的限制作用，认为残疾是个人和社会因素相互作用的结果，残疾人权利是一种公民权利。残疾社会模式有许多具体模型，如功能限制模型、失能过程模型、政治结构模型等。国内残疾养老保障体系的研究还少有引入残疾社会模式。随着人口老龄化，我国残疾养老保障体系的建构愈显迫切，但目前我国残疾人养老保障体系仍存在一些问题。因此，残疾社会模式对我国残疾人养老保障体系建构具有重要的启示。

The Social Model of Disability and Its Enlightenments to the Establishment of Old-age Security System for Disable People

International study of disability undergoes the moral/religion model, the personal/medical model and the social model. The social model of disability does not regard disability as a personal issue, but thinks of it as a result of interaction between personal and social factors, emphasizes the restrictions that socio environmental factors have on disabled people, and proposes that the right of persons with disabilities be a citizen right. This model involves several specific sub models, for instance, the functional limitations model, the disabling process model, the political structure model, etc. Domestic researches on old age security system for disabled people at present in China seldom introduce the social model of disability. With the aging of the population, it becomes an urgent issue to establish a perfect old age security system for disabled people since the present system have many flaws, and the social model of disability will bring some important enlightenments to the establishment of the system.