儒家、道家两种性善论与教育思想之比较

儒家、道家都主张性善论。共同点主要体现在二者都基于关注社会问题、人性问题和如何协调人与周围环境的关系问题,以及都主张人性是善的两个方面。区别主要体现在:一是儒家是站在人与社会关系的角度提出问题,其理论注重务实性;而道家更注重从人与自然的关系的角度提出问题,其理论玄远而富于辩证法。二是儒家以仁、义、礼、智为人性内容,认为培养这四端就能达到至善境界;道家认为人类的善就是按其本性生活,倡导"归根复命",知足养性。由此出发,儒家、道家的教育思想有很大不同。但儒家、道家互补的教育价值观和道家所重视的自然人本主义对我们今天的教育价值观的确立和教育生态问题的重视和研究都有重要的启发和借鉴意义。

The Comparison of the Two Kinds of Theories of Original Goodness of Human Nature and Education Thought between Confucianism and Taoism and Their Practical Significance

Both Confucianism and and Taoism advocates that human nature is originally kind. The common point is that both started from caring about social problems, human nature and how to harmonise the relation between mankind and the surroundings. The main differences between them are: First,Confucianism brings forward a problem from the angle of social relations, its theory is practical; but Taoism brings forward a problem from the point of the relations between man and nature, its theory is profound and full of dialectics. The second is that Confucianism thinks that benevolence, righteousness, ritual, wisdom are the content of human nature and that by the training of the four aspects man can reach the supreme good realm; Taoism thinks that the goodness of human beings is to live according to its natural disposition, proposing that "returning to the nature", and be satisfied with what you have and cultivate moral character. Thus it can be seen that there are great diversities between Confucianism and Taoism. But mutual complementary education values of Confucianism and Taoism and the natural humanism of Taoism are significant for the establishment of educational values and the emphasis and research of educational ecology for the education today.