刑事证明标准的经济分析

提高证明标准,边际收益递减,边际成本递增。但证明标准不是越高越好,也不是越低越好,最佳证明标准应当由社会净收益最大化来决定。当证明标准的边际社会收益等于边际社会成本时,社会净收益实现了最大化,证明标准达到了最佳程度。对于不同性质的案件、刑事诉讼中不同阶段的诉讼行为来说,证明标准的边际收益是不同的,应当采取不同的证明标准。提高证明标准对于公、检、法等部门具有不同的边际收益和成本。部门收益和成本与社会收益和成本之间存在差异会导致部门行为的扭曲,损害社会利益。所以,必须采取措施促使部门和社会之间收益与成本趋于一致,从而实现社会利益的最大化。

The Cost-revenue Analysis of Proof Criterion in Criminal Procedure

With the raising of proof criterion,the marginal revenue increases and the marginal cost decreases.It is neither that the higher the proof criterion is,the better it is,nor that the lower,the better.The most appropriate proof criterion should be decided by the maximizing of social net revenue.If the proof criterion's marginal social revenue equated its marginal social cost,the social net revenue would reach its maximum,and the proof criterion would be most appropriate.The different cases and behaviors in criminal procedure have different marginal revenue of proof criteria,so they should have different proof criteria.Raising the proof criterion would causes different marginal cost and revenue to the police bureau,prosecutor bureau and court.The difference between the bureau's cost-revenue and the social cost-revenue would cause the distorting of bureau's behavior.In order to maximize the social revenue,some measures of causing bureau's cost-revenue equate social cost-revenue must be taken.