“世界”的失而复得——新实用主义三大家的理论主题转换

"语言转向"意味着"语言"与"世界"的分离,对实用主义的发展产生了重大影响。罗蒂继承了实用主义和"语言转向"的双重遗产,用语言共同体的实践和语言的融贯解释语言的语义内容;于是,"世界"被放弃,关于语言的谈论取代了对经验的谈论。普特南拒绝以语言替换世界的罗蒂主义路线;在麦克道威尔的启发下,他通过对"经验"的改造,重新将"世界"召回,认为关于"世界"的语言谈论,可以也必须受"世界"的制约。布兰顿从罗蒂的立场出发,以一种精致而系统的方式,将罗蒂的融贯论和对社会实践的强调推到极致,同时又和普特南、麦克道威尔一道,不放弃"世界"的制约作用,试图将"语言"和"世界"统一在他的体系之中。

The Return of the Lost "World" : The Change in the Theoretical Themes of Three Leading Neo-pragmatists

The "linguistic turn" implying the separation of "language" and the "world" exerted a significant influence on the development of pragmatism.Inheriting the legacy of both pragmatism and the "linguistic turn , " Rorty interpreted the semantic content of language using the practice of linguistic communities and the coherence of language.Consequently , the "world" was abandoned ; the discussion of language took the place of the discussion of experience.However , Putnam rejected Rorty’s approach of replacing the "world" with language.Drawing his inspiration from McDowell , he brought back the "world" through the transformation of "experience , " arguing that linguistic discussion of the "world" can and must be constrained by the "world" itself.Starting from Rorty’s position , Brandom took Rorty’s coherentism and his emphasis on social practice to an extreme.At the same time , however , he also took into account the constraints of the "world , " just as Putnam and McDowell did , and attempted to unify "language" and the "world" in his own system.