从“师夷长技”到提倡“格致之学”——论近代前期的科学思潮

近代中国人学习和传播西方近代科学技术的历程是不断深化的.最初是经世派提出"师夷长技"口号;接着洋务派继承这一口号,并掀起一个引进西方技术的实际运动;稍后,部分先进分子认识到西方船坚炮利的背后是发达的格致之学,从而将国人的科技观由感性器物层面发展到"理"与"学"的理论层面.但在整个近代前期,中国人都是在"西学中源"说和"中体西用"论框架内提倡学习西方科技的.这表明人们尚没有从根本上认识近代科学及科学文化的性质,近代科学思潮尚处于萌发和初级阶段.

From "Learning the Advantages from the Foreign Invaders" to advocating the learning of "GeZhi"--On scientific ideological trend in the earlier stage of modern times

The course of Chinese people studying and propagating western science and technology was gradually deepened. First, the reformers of the landlord class put forward "learning the advantages from the foreign invaders". Then, the westernization factions carried on this call, and started a practical movement. Soon afterwards, some Chinese people realized western advanced cannons and warships were based on well-developed learning, thus brought Chinese view of science and technology to a new stage. But in the whole earlier stage of modern time, Chinese people persisted in the viewpoint of "the western culture originated from China" and "Chinese ideology and western applied science". They didn't realized the nature of science and its culture. The scientific ideological trend in modern times in China still stayed in the embryonic and primary stage.