论提单签发的法律责任和风险防范

承运人应本着诚实信用原则如实签发提单，承运人不如实签发提单的行为，如倒签提单、预借提单或凭保函签发清洁提单，无疑构成对收货人／提单持有人的一种欺诈，并应当对收货人／提单持有人因此遭受的损失承担赔偿责任，且在大多数情况下不得享受中国《海商法》规定的赔偿责任限制。对此，承运人应当从严把握签单，对保函的接受亦应当慎重。

On legal responsibilities and risks prevention of bills of lading issued

The carriers shall issue the bills of lading authentically in good faith. The actions of the bills of lading issued untruthfully conducted by the carriers, such as back-date bills of lading and advanced bills of lading and the bills of lading to be issued clean against the letter of indemnity, would certainly result in the fraud which exposes to the receivers or the bills of lading holders. Accordingly the carriers shall compensate the receivers or the bills of lading holders for any losses arising therefrom, and the most probably are not entitled to have the rights of the limitation of the indemnity responsibilities in accordance with the Chinese Maritime Law. Therefore, the carriers shall issue the bills of lading strictly, and there be cautions on the bills of lading to be issued clean against the letter of indemnity.