高技术产业研发创新全要素生产率研究——基于价值链的视角

在价值链视角下,高技术产业研发创新活动可划分为技术开发和成果转化两个阶段.基于1996—2010年省际面板数据,采用Malmquist指数分析方法实证评价中国高技术产业研发活动两阶段全要素生产率,并考察每一阶段全要素生产率的变动原因、方向和趋势.在技术开发阶段全要素生产率上升趋势明显,年均增长高达21.8%,技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率都有促进作用,但关键拉动因素还是技术进步;在成果转化阶段技术进步率降低而技术效率提升,结果导致全要素生产率的小幅下降,平均下降幅度为0.9%.提出提升中国高技术产业研发活动生产率的对策建议,包括制定优惠政策和激励措施、改变技术开发模式、鼓励发明创造、资助有市场前景产品等.

The Research on the R&D Innovation Total Factor Productivity of High-tech Industry in China from the Point View of Value Chains

R&D innovation activities in high-tech industry can be divided into two stages of technology development and achievements transformation from the point view of value chains. This paper measured the R&D activities two-stage total factor productivity of high-tech industry based on provincial panel data from 1996 to 2010 by using Malmquist index analysis method from the point view of value chains, and at the same time examined the reasons, the direction and trends in productivity’s changing. The results show that the TFP in technology development stage rises significantly, average annual growth reaches 21.8%, and technical progress is the major driver of TFP’s growth rather than technical efficiency in this stage. But in the transformation stage, technical progress efficiency is decreasing, while technical efficiency is increasing. The eventual result is a slight decline in TFP, and average decrease rate reaches 0.9%. At last, some suggestions are given to improve R&D TFP of high-tech industry in China, such as developing preferential policies and incentives, changing technology development model, encouraging inventions, and funding promising products.