松柏西汉墓簿籍牍考释

湖北荆州松柏西汉墓48号木牍"二年西乡户口簿"中的大男、大女,指15岁以上包括免老和罢癃的成年男女。53号木牍性质应为"南郡事复口算簿",簿中的小男、小女指7岁至14岁需交纳口钱的使男、使女。47号木牍为"南郡卒更簿",簿中数字经计算大体吻合。三种簿书均存在大男与大女比、小男与小女比、使大男与大女比、使男与使女比、卒与使大男比严重失衡,而男女人口总数比例大致平衡的情况。这应是为了逃避赋役人为造假所致。

A Study on Wooded Tablets of Household Register from Pine-and-Cypress Tomb of Western Han Dynasty

In the wooded tablets from the Pine-and-Cypress Tomb of Western Han Dynasty in Hubei Province,big male and big female on No.48 "Household Register of West Countryside in Year Two" refer to adult men and women,including those who were handicapped as mianlao or humpbacked.The feature of Tablet No.53 should be "Population Book of South County",in which little male and little female refer to houseboys and maids between age 7 to 14 who were subjected to poll tax.Tablet No.47 was "Roll of Servicemen of South County",in which the numbers are almost in consistency after calculation.In the three register books,there is severe imbalance in proportions of old male vs.old female,little male vs.little female,service old male vs.old female,houseboys vs.maids,and soldiers vs.service old male.This must have been artificial forgery in order to evade taxes and corvee.