蔡正孙考论——以《唐宋千家联珠诗格》为中心

蔡正孙是宋遗民 ,也是宋末元初一位重要诗评家 ,其《诗林广记》为世所重。蔡氏还编有《唐宋千家联珠诗格》二十卷 ,却罕为人知。此书选唐宋千家诗人作品 ,包括自己及大量宋遗民作品 ,分标三百格 ,并加评释。此书明清以来在我国罕见流传。郭绍虞《宋诗话考》考述蔡正孙著作 ,未及此书 ;《全宋诗》广搜博采 ,亦遗是书。本文根据此书所载有关蔡正孙的材料对其加以考论。关于蔡氏的生平 ,郭绍虞《宋诗话考》仅言其为谢枋得门人、宋遗民 ,称“余无可考” ;而本文则考证出蔡氏生年及生平大略。关于蔡氏的作品 ,《全宋诗》仅辑得二首 ,本文从《唐宋千家联珠诗格》辑出五十八首 ,并据此对他的诗歌创作情况作了考察。关于蔡氏的诗学观点 ,由于《诗林广记》所载只是前人诗话 ,只能从其所选作品及所附诗话中间接体现出来 ,而《唐宋千家联珠诗格》则有蔡氏大量的评语 ,是研究其诗学观的难得材料 ,本文据此对蔡氏的诗学观点作了论述。

An Examination of Cai Zhengsun:Based on His Tang Song QianJia LianZhu ShiGe

Cai Zhengsun was an important poetic commentator of the last stage of the Song Dynasty and the first stage of the Yuan Dynasty, his ShiLin GuangJi was valued. About Cai Zhengsun's life, Guo Shaoyu's Song Shihua Kao told us no more than that he was a student of Xie Fangde. Quan Song Shi includes his two poems only. Cai's poetical theory was only reflected indirectly from the poems and comments of other people elected by him. Few know Tang Song QianJia LianZhu ShiGe 20 volumes edited by Cai Zhengsun, including poems of one thousand poets of the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the poems of the last stage of the Song Dynasty. On the basis of this book, in the present essay, the author examines and tells Cai Zhengsun's birthday and life, compiles and discusses Cai's 58 poems, researches and comments his poetical theory.