试论中国近代水运中的帆、轮消长

19世纪中叶以后，随着外国轮运业的侵入和轮船招商局的崛起，中国传统的木帆船运输业逐渐淡出了远洋运输航线，但在沿海和长江航线仍占有一席之地，在内河航线则占绝对优势。木帆船长期存在的最主要原因是中国近代化的总体水平低下，木帆船运输作为轮运的补充有存在的必要。水运条件的限制，也为木帆船运输业提供了天然的屏蔽。木帆船经营灵活机动的特点以及较低的运输成本，也给自己留下了生存的空间。

The growth and decline of sailboat and steamboat transportation in modern China

The traditional sailboat transportation faded out of long-distance sea transport line because of the rise of Steamboat Merchant Bureau and the coming of foreign transportation.However,it still took dominant position in inner river transport line,especially in coastal areas and Yangtze River transportation line.There three reasons for it.First,sailboat transportation was a necessary supplement to the steamboat transportation while the level of Chinese modernization was low at that time.Second,the limits of r...