环境压力视角下中国省际生态效率的分解及收敛性

将区域经济发展进程的自然资源消耗以及环境污染排放视为"环境压力".基于2003-2012年的省际面板数据,运用DEA窗口分析法构造环境压力产生技术前沿,测度2005-2012年中国30个省份的生态效率,进而分析效率的地区差异性与演进趋势;将东部、中部与西部三大区域各省份的"整体生态效率"分解为"组别生态效率"与"管理生态效率",找到各省份生态效率提升的主要制约因素;采用σ收敛与绝对β收敛两种分析方法考察全国与三大区域生态效率的敛散特征.实证结果表明:样本期内中国生态效率整体水平较低,资源节约与污染减排的潜力巨大,生态效率分布地域性较强,呈现出鲜明的"东部-中部-西部"梯度发展特征,抑制不同区域省份生态效率提升的主导因素存在差异,全国及三大区域内各省份生态效率之间的差距均存在进一步扩大的趋势.

The Decomposition and Convergence of China's Provincial Eco-efficiency from the Perspective of Environmental Pressure

Considering the natural resources consumption and pollutants reduction in the production process as environmental pressures, and utilizing DEA-window analysis to construct pressure generating technology frontier(PGT),this paper measured China's 30 provinces' eco-efficiency over the period 2005-2012 based on provincial panel data from 2003-2012,on basis of which regional differences and evolution trend were analyzed. In order to find out the major constraints of China's each province, aggregated eco-efficiency was decomposed into group eco-efficiency and managerial eco-efficiency. Finally,convergence and Absolute convergence were used to test the existence of convergence in overall China and three major regions. Empirical results were as follows:the overall China's eco-efficiency was still low; regional differences were remarkable among three major regions and had great potential of resource saving and pollution reduction; the major constraints of eco-efficiency were different in different provinces, and the eco-efficiency gaps among provinces from overall China and three major regions all had the tendency of getting larger in the future.