对民法的哲学思考——以民法本位为研究视角

本文以探索民法追求作为民法本位研究的逻辑起点,透过民法的历程,梳理国外、国内民事实定法本位的流变规律,探索民法本位演变的方向。回眸民法本位观及中西民法本位理念的源起与流变,正视民法本位观在现今的争鸣,破解民法本位社会化问题,质疑民法社会本位说,提出作者的民法本位观即近现代民法私主体权利本位论。采用经济、社会、政治、文化、人性等多学科、多视角的方法对民法本位的种种基础进行分析。民法本位即指民法的中心任务和价值标准,从一定意义上讲,民法本位就是民法最核心的价值,而民法原则则是民法本位价值取向的外载形式。以民法私主体权利本位观作导引,对民事实定法之物权法所有权个人本位的兴起及社会倾向进行辨剖,对债法合同自由中个人本位思想及社会化补修作些析辨,分析定式合同的主体本位自由与社会化制限的原因,结合司法实践案例,论析对于合同的社会顾虑与本位原则。对于民事立法实践,建议以带有社会顾虑的私主体权利为本位构设中国民法典体系、原则、制度和具体规范。

Philosophic Thoughts on the Civil Law——In the View Angle of Civil Law Standard

Taking the probe into the pursuit of civil law as the logic beginning of civil law study.Civil law has the character of completion of fusion of value rationality and form rationality formed on the specific tradition.Civil law is nothing but the legal expression form of civil society.Civil law standard is the central task and value standard of civil law,indicating the fundamental guiding ideology and task.Multi-field studies on civil law standard,value and principles individually and contractually have important theoretical significance to richen and develop civil law theory and have practical significance to make,carry out and observe civil law.Modern and contemporary civil law and our country's present civil law should take private subject right as the standard.The standard of private subject individual right of civil law is with the apprehension of the tendency of socialization under some circumstances.But the apprehension is of the second and isn't of the standard,which is decided by the view angle of the private character of civil law.The enactment of Chinese Civil Code should persist in private subject right standard with apprehension of social problems,to choose principles,systems and concrete norms.