西汉出宫人制度考实

西汉帝室放嫁宫掖女性，汉初至武帝为制度创立和完善阶段，昭、宣、元三朝为变质的奉陵制阶段，成帝以后为复活阶段。文帝将皇后以外的嫔妃全部改嫁，具有影响后世的经典意义，所出夫人是最高一级嫔妃。此制出现于西汉，其历史脉络是承继了春秋战国以来否定妻妾殉葬制的时代潮流，其社会基础则是西汉流行的妇女改嫁风俗。

A Study of the System of Releasing Women in the Imperial Palace of the West Han Dynasty

The West Han dynasty released imperial women and allowed them to remarry.This system was introduced and consummated gradually from the beginning of Han Dynasty to the time of Emperor Hanwu.During the three generations of Emperor Zhao、Xuan and Yuan,it deteriorated to the system of attending late emperors in imperial mausoleums,and began to revive at the beginning of Emperor Cheng-time.Emperor Wen released all of his imperial concubines except his wife.Lady was the highest rank of imperial concubines released.This act has a significant effect on the later generations.This system which began in the West Han dynasty continued the tendency of negating in the time of Chun Qiu and Zhan Guo the system of burying wife and concubines with the dead husband.Its social basement is the prevailing custom of women remarrying in the West Han dynasty.