清末民初北京话口语词汇及其汉语史价值——以日本明治时期北京官话课本为例

日本明治时期的十种官话课本里出现了1510个北京话词语,这一惊人的数量不仅反映了清末民初北京口语的基本面貌,也体现了官话课本的"京味儿"风格和实用主义的教学策略。这些北京话词语从形式和内容上都带有明显的口语化特征和地域特色,再现了清末民国前期北京地区的社会现实和风土人情,为北京话词语研究、北京方言词汇史研究、北京官话研究以及辞书编纂等提供了真实可靠的资料,具有重要的汉语史价值。

Colloquial Vocabulary of Beijing Dialect in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

There are 1510 colloquial words of Beijing dialect in ten Chinese textbooks published in Japan’s Meiji era,which reflect not only the basic features of Beijing dialect in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,but also reveal the Beijing-style and pragmatic teaching strategy of Mandarin textbooks.These words,full of colloquial and regional color in the form and content,reflect the social reality and customs of Beijing of that time,and are very valuable in the research on Beijing spoken language,the history of Beijing dialect,Beijing Mandarin and in editing of the dictionaries about Beijing dialect.