两汉黄帝崇拜发微与黄帝形象的神人融通

两汉时期,黄帝的文治武功构成黄帝崇拜的重要内容,但由于认识的差异性,在炎黄之战和炎黄关系等问题上出现了诸多歧异认识,而且由于神学思潮回流和百家言黄帝传统的延展,黄帝崇拜进一步发展。由于阴阳五行的思维方式升华为世界观的高度,黄帝由传说中的古帝演化为天神,而成为祭天大礼中的祭祀对象。秦汉时期祭祀黄帝的制度化,使黄帝作为天帝之一受祭成为定制,尽管黄帝一度作为古帝和初祖享祀,但缺乏连续性和制度化。黄帝的人、神纠葛和融通,建基于世俗观念的神灵世界存在和生命另种形式延伸的普遍信仰之上。

The Germination of Emperor Huang Worship and the God-Man Image of Emperor Huang

In Han Dynasty,the political and military achievements of Emperor Huang made up the key content of Emperor Huang worship.However,different interpretations appeared as to the issues of the war and the relationship between Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang.Still,the worship of Emperor Huang developed successively because of the revitalization of theological thoughts and the popularity of the tradition extolling Emperor Huang by all the schools.Moreover,as the theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements was promoted to the level of the world outlook,Emperor Huang transformed from the ancient emperor to god to whom sacrifices were offered in the ceremonies offering sacrifices to heaven.In the period of Qin and Han Dynasties,the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Emperor Huang,one of the gods,was institutionalized.Although Emperor Huang was offered sacrifices once as the ancient emperor and ancestor,the practice lacked continuity and institutionalization.The dual attributes of human and god of Emperor Huang were created on the basis of a universal belief in the existence of an immortal world and the extension of life in another form.