清代以来洞庭湖区渍涝特征与灾害防治

清代以来,由于人水争地与淤垦分离加剧,洞庭湖区渍灾愈演愈烈,对社会经济造成了巨大影响。湖区社会为减少渍涝损失采取与水妥协及技术对抗两类应对举措。在传统技术相对落后的情况下,以多种经营、政策调整为主的妥协之道显得较为突出。随着生态与社会双重压力的加大,在政府主导下提升应对渍灾的技术能力成为湖区社会的主要出路,并最终走上了一条以近代水利技术为支撑的“逆生态化”发展道路。这一定程度上增强了农业生产力,但却大大提升了生产成本,对湖区社会持续发展的作用有限。

Waterlog in Dongting Lake Area and Its Countermeasures since the Qing Dynasty

Since the Qing Dynasty, due to the intensified contradiction between people and water, and the increased separation of sedimentation and reclamation, the waterlog in the Dongting Lake area became serious, which had a tremendous impact on the economy and society. To reduce the loss of waterlog, lake community took two kinds of action, namely avoiding floods and technical confrontation. In the case of relatively backward traditional technology, the compromise methods such as diversified business and policy adjustment were more important. With the increase of ecological and social pressure, under the auspices of the government to enhance the technical capacity of coping with waterlog became the main way of the lake community, and finally embarked on "reverse ecological" development path that was based on modern water conservancy technologies. To a certain extent, it increased agricultural productivity, but greatly enhanced the production costs. Therefore, its role of sustainable development for the lake community was limited.