关于文化、文明及其比较研究等问题

“文化”的本质是人的精神上或思维上的联系 ,而这种联系又总是要通过特定的“文化形态”表现出来。“文明”则是体现这种联系所形成的文化形态发展到特定阶段的总体的和基本的价值尺度。“文化”是动态的发展过程 ,“文明”是在文化发展过程中形成的较为稳定的文化价值结晶。“文化比较研究”侧重于对不同时期或不同文化形态的动态把握 ;而“文明比较研究”则是对不同时期或不同文化所达到的总体的和基本的价值尺度的比较认识。虽然二者侧重的方面不同 ,但本质均是对人自身和人与世界关系的发现。

On Culture,Civilization and their Relations

The essence of culture is the relation of human spirit and thought,which is invariably depicted through specific culture formation.Civilization,meanwhile,is the general and basic measure of value,which reflect the development of the culture formation as the result of the relation,to a certain stage.Culture is considered to be a comparatively steady crystallization,forming in the process of culture development.The research in the culture comparison focuses on the grasp of the dynamic development in different period or different culture formation,while the research in civilization comparison focuses on the realization towards the general and basic measure of value to which the different time period and different culture could reach.The two lay emphasis on different aspect,and yet the essense of culture and civilization is the discovery of human being and the relationshi between human and the world.