现代汉语“数＋名”组合的类型及其成因

现代汉语里，数词跟名词组合中间要加量词，不用数词直接修饰名词，这通常被看成是一般规律。但现代汉语中也存在着为数不少的“数词＋名词”现象，绝非个别例外。从数词来看，现代汉语中各类数词都有“直接修饰名词”的用法，有时中间根本就不能加量词。现代汉语的“数＋名”组合不能一概简单地解释为“省略”或“古代汉语的遗留用法”；究其成因，有句法因素和语义因素，也有语用因素和认知因素。

"Numeral + Noun" Structure in Modern Chinese: Categories and Causes

It seems to be a general rule in modern Chinese that a numeral cannot be used to modify a noun unless there is a quantifier between the two. There are, however, many examples of the ＂numeral ＋ noun＂ structure in which no quantifiers are inserted. As a matter of fact, all kinds of numerals in modem Chinese can ＂directly modify nouns＂, and in certain cases no quantifiers are allowed. This ＂numeral ＋ noun＂ phenomenon cannot be attributed simply to the ＂grammatical omission＂ or the ＂inherited usage of ancient Chinese＂. It is due not only to syntactic and semantic factors but also to pragmatic and cognitive ones.