节水灌溉设施的粮食生产增效机制

基于2000—2018年中国30个省份的平衡面板数据，综合运用DEA Malmquist指数法、面板工具变量法和面板门槛模型分析节水灌溉设施对粮食全要素生产率增长的影响及作用机制。结果表明：节水灌溉设施通过技术进步和技术效率改进两条路径提升粮食全要素生产率，且技术进步效应大于技术效率改进效应；从区域与作物异质性来看，粮食主产区节水灌溉设施的增效效应大于非主产区，节水灌溉设施对小麦、玉米和水稻全要素生产率均有显著提升作用；节水灌溉设施对粮食全要素生产率的影响具有非线性特征，其正向影响随农村人力资本、人均种粮规模、人均GDP的提高而呈阶梯型上升。因此，因地制宜发展节水灌溉设施，与外部经济环境发展相协同，政策扶持与市场机制相结合，完善节水灌溉设施产权和管护机制，是实现节水灌溉设施高效与可持续发展的关键。

Research on the Grain Production Productivity Increasing Mechanism of Water saving Irrigation Infrastructure

Based on the balanced panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, this paper uses DEA Malmquist index, panel instrumental variable method and panel threshold model to analyze the impact and mechanism of water saving irrigation infrastructure on the growth of grain total factor productivity. The results show that: (1) water saving irrigation infrastructure can significantly improve the total factor productivity of grain production through technical progress and technical efficiency improvement, the impact on the technical progress is greater than the technical efficiency improvement. (2) From the perspective of regional and crop heterogeneity, the increasing effect of water saving irrigation infrastructure on total factor productivity in main grain producing areas is greater than that in non main grain producing areas. Water saving irrigation infrastructure can significantly improve the total factor productivity of wheat, corn and rice. (3) The impact of water saving irrigation infrastructure on grain total factor productivity has a non linear characteristic, and its positive impact increases with rural human capital, per capita grain production scale and per capita GDP, and decreases with the increase of water resources adequacy. Therefore, strengthen water saving irrigation infrastructure according to local conditions, coordinate with the development of external economic environment, combine policy support with market mechanism, and improve the property rights and management mechanism are the key to develop water saving irrigation infrastructure for grain production efficiently and sustainably.