论中国古典诗词中的重复与意境建构

前苏联美学家洛特曼从结构主义符号学的角度强调了重复作为一个重要原则对诗歌的意义。而重复性作为中国古典诗词的重要特征,不仅属于诗歌的形式和结构因素,对诗歌意境的建构也起着重要作用。在中国古典诗歌文本中,词语(言语)在语调、语义、句法、结构等诸多方面的相等(相似)或成对的相等,激活了差异,差异转为对立,进而形成张力,使诗歌文本成为无尽的信息源。平仄、押韵、对偶、重章叠句等重复性因素对意境建构具有重要意义,其所造成的高度语义结构以及特殊浓度思想,是创造中国古典诗词意境的重要源泉。

Repetition, Difference and Tension: the Significance of Repetition to the Construction of Poetic World in Classical Chinese Poetry

Yuri Lotman,an aesthetician of the former USSR,stressed the significance of repetition in poetry from the viewpoint of structural semiotics.As an important feature in classical Chinese poetry,repetition is not only an element of poetic form and structure,but also plays an important role in constructing the imaginary world of poetry.In classical Chinese poems,the similarity or parallelism of words(speech) in terms of intonation,semantics,syntax,and structure enliven the differences in the text,which transform into antithesis and build up tension,making the poetic text an inexhaustible source of information.Such repetitive elements as tonal pattern,rhyme,antithesis,and refrain are significant to the construction of the imaginary realm.The complex semantic structure and the concentrated thought which result from such repetitive elements make an important source for the creation of the poetic world in classical Chinese poetry.