朱熹理学世界中的性情论

朱熹注《中庸》时,追求义理上的贯通,发明“中和新说”,明确指出“中和”乃兼言性情,“喜、怒、哀、乐,情也。其未发,则性也,无所偏倚,故谓之中。发皆中节,情之正也,无所乖戾,故谓之和”。朱子在贯释孟子“四端”、“四德”说时,也依循伊川的思路,作出了性情论的理解。朱熹的性情论说解,是针对佛禅的“反情”、“恶情”说,李翱等人的“灭情”说而提出的重情的主张;而其“心统性情”论中的“心”,则为一种“有限心”,须“持敬”、“格物致知”,才可达于“理”,这也同佛禅之“心”及受佛禅影响之“心即理”说划清了界线。

Theory of Feeling and Nature in Zhu Xi''''s Neo-Confucianism

When Zhu Xi noticed Zhong Yong,he sought a thorough knowledge of "Yi and Li",and he invented new theory of "Zhonghe".He clearly indicated that "Zhonghe" contained feeling and nature."Smile,anger,sorrow and happiness are all natures.If they don't express,they are feelings.If there is no particular stress among them,it will be said as ' Zhong'.If they are expressed in control and 'Zhong',the four kinds of natures are in balance;and there is no strange emotion,it will be said as 'He'".When Zhu explained Mengzi's theory of "Si Duan,Si De",he also complied with Yi Chuan's train of thought.He made an understanding of the theory of feeling and nature.Zhu Xi's explanation was directed against the theories of Buddhism's "against nature","nature hate" and Li Ao's "destroying nature".He put forward the opinion of attaching importance to nature.And the "heart" in his theory of "heart governs feeling and nature",was a kind of "limited heart".It must keep in politeness and "studying things to acquire knowledge".After that,it will reach "Li".So,it is different from Buddhism's "heart" and the theory of "heart is Li'",which was affected by Buddhism.