"科学技术即意识形态"——从霍克海默到马尔库塞再到哈贝马斯

"科学技术即意识形态"是法兰克福学派的共同理论观点。在其创始人霍克海默那里,"科学技术即意识形态"论已成雏形;马尔库塞在继承其前辈思想的基础上,着重论述了发达资本主义社会科学技术作为意识形态的政治倾向及其充当控制工具的消极作用,使"科学技术即意识形态"理论趋于成熟;哈贝马斯则在考察意识形态概念的演变及虚假性本质,明确提出科学技术是第一生产力、是新的意识形态的同时,进一步论述了科学技术作为意识形态的社会功能,从而使科学技术即意识形态论得以系统化。

Science and Technology are Ideology: From Horkheimer to Marcuse, and to Habermas

The common viewpoint of Frankfurter School is that science and technology are ideology.It appears in an embryonic form in the work of Horkheimer,the founder of the Frankfurter School.On the basis of his predecessors' thoughts,Marcuse discusses the political tendency of science and technology as ideology and its negative function as a controlling instrument in developed capitalist society,which makes the theory incline to mature;Habermas inspects the evolution of ideological concept and its false essence,and then poses the science and technology are the primary productive forces,and further expounds its social function which makes the theory systematize.