论“文体”涵义的四个层次

"文体"一词在中国古代文学语境中是一个涵义多重的复合名词,它是中国古代文体学的元概念,是研究中国古代文体学的起点。一直以来,学者们试图给"文体"一词一个在中国语境下的科学概念。实际上,中国古代文学领域里的"文体"是文学作品的体制形式的总称,它包括了文学类别、文本体裁、篇章体制和文学风貌等范畴。从逻辑关系上来讲,这四个范畴中,前三者是一个逐级层降的等级关系:文类是文体的宏观范畴,体裁相对于文类来讲是文体的微观范畴,但是相对于篇体来讲又是文体的宏观范畴。"风格"则是前三者在不同层级的审美精神体现,而"类→体→篇"和它们各自的风格都是文体的组成部分。

The Four Levels of the Meaning of " WENTI"

The word "WENTI" is a composite noun with multiple meanings in the context of Chinese ancient literature.Scholars have been trying to give the word "WENTI" a scientific concept in Chinese context.In fact,WENTI is the general name of the forms and systems of works in the field of Chinese ancient literature,which includes the genre of literature,the type of literature,the form of literature,and the style of literature.In terms of logical relations,there are hierarchical relationships among the first three of the four categories: the genre is the macroscopical category of WENTI,and the type is the microscopical category related to genre.In addition,"Style" is the reflection of the aesthetic spirits of the first three at different levels,"genre→kind→form" and their own styles are all the components of WENTI as well.