文化认同视阈下的国家统一观念构建——以清代前中期云南地区为例

清朝是历代中央王朝对云南民族地区统治最深入的一个朝代,这无疑得益于清朝武力的强大,但也与统治者在云南推行的文教政策有很大的关系。清初,朝廷势力刚进入云南民族地区,就仿前朝在云南继续推行儒学教育与科举考试,发展文化教育事业以稳定清朝在云南的统治;雍正朝改土归流前后,为进一步深入对云南民族地区的治理,清廷在云南广行教读以化其嚣凌,构建和保持少数民族对王朝的文化认同。这些政策的实施,促进了边地云南的文化类型与内地更趋一致,稳定和巩固了对云南民族地区统治,具有典型地域色彩的、跨越族群边界的区域性称谓"云南人"出现,为我国统一多民族国家的最终形成起到了积极的作用。

Conceptual Construction of the National Unity from the Perspective of Cultural Identity: A Study of Yunnan in the Early and Middle Period of the Qing Dynasty

Compared with other central dynasties,the Qing Dynasty had the most strict rule over the ethnic region of Yunnan due to its strong military force and the implementation of its cultural and educational policies in Yunnan.In the early Qing dynasty,when the Qing imperial court just took its control over the ethnic region of Yunnan,it followed the previous dynasties by continuing to promote Confucianism and Imperial Civil Exam to stabilize its rule in Yunnan.After the power shift from the local Tusi chieftains to Han official in the Yongzheng Period,the Qing imperial court promoted education in order to help the minority groups in Yunnan to construct and maintain their cultural identity with the central imperial court.The implementation of such policies helped integrate Yunnan culture with that of the interior and consolidated its rule.As a result,the emergence of Yunnan people with their typical cross-ethnic and local features contributed much to the establishment of a unified and multi-ethnic nation.