困境留守儿童的生存现状与支持体系探究

当前留守儿童研究的一个主要发展趋势是关注该群体内部的多元性,并在此基础上将关怀与支持的重点向弱势留守儿童倾斜。本研究建构"困境留守儿童"概念来界定留守儿童中的最弱势群体,分析其具体类型、生存现状与困境形成原因。研究发现,困境留守儿童不仅身处严峻的生存危机,还面临复杂的心理困境与情感关怀的严重缺失。要切实改善困境留守儿童的生存现状,需要多方主体协同合作,形成综合性支持体系。为此,政府主体应扩大其正式社会保障资源的供给能力,增强政策执行过程中对儿童主体性的认知;各类非政府组织应充分发挥其专业优势,在为困境留守儿童提供心理疏导与情感陪伴等多元支持方面继续发力。

The Living Condition of the Left-behind Children in Difficult Situations and the Construction of Supporting System

Current studies on left-behind children tend to focus on internal diversities of the group and put more emphasis on social care for the disadvantaged left-behind children. This study constructs the concept of the Left-behind Children in Difficult Situations to define the most disadvantaged group of the left-behind children,analyses their specific types,livingconditions and the reasons of their difficult situations. The research shows that left-behind children in difficult situations are not only in face of serious survival crisis,but also suffering from complex psychological issues and lack of emotional companionship. In order to realisticallyimprove the current living situation of theleft-behind children in difficult situations,different subjects should collaborate to constitute a comprehensive supporting system. To this end,the government should expand the supply capability of formal social security resources,enhance the cognition of the children’s subjectivity. The non-government organizations should give full play to their professional advantages,continue to exert strength to offer multiple supports for left-behind children in difficult situations,such as the psychological counseling and emotional companionship.