元代科举与程朱理学关系探析

元朝建立之后，蒙古贵族长时间停开科举，士子通过读书应试博取科举功名入仕的通道被彻底阻断，士子们读书、研究的功利目的因此减少了，这为元朝科举以程朱理学对儒家经典的阐释作为考试标准奠定了学术基础。与此同时，士子们学习儒学、程朱理学的热情显著下降，导致读书人的数量明显减少。理学家不仅是元仁宗恢复科举的主要推动力量，也是程朱理学成为科举考试内容的设计者。科举恢复以后，程朱理学的官方思想地位得到稳固，这对程朱理学的发展有直接的推动作用。然而，士子们为获取科举功名而学习程朱理学，与真正潜心研习程朱理学还是有本质区别的，尤其是部分士子将程朱理学视为谋取利禄的手段，使程朱理学失去了发展的内在动力。

Research on the Relationship between the Imperial Examinations and Neo-Confucianism in the Yuan Dynasty

The imperial examinations came to an end for a long time after the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, and the access of the scholars to be the civil servants by reading and participating in the test was completely blocked, as a result, the utilitarian purposes of the scholars'' reading and research were reduced, which laid an academic foundation for the examination standard of the imperial examinations in the Yuan Dynasty based on the interpretation of Confucian classics by Neo-Confucianism. At the same time, scholars'' enthusiasm to study Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism decreased significantly, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of scholars. Neo-Confucianism was not only the main driving force for Yuan Renzong to restore the imperial examination, but also the designer to make Neo-Confucianism as the main content of imperial examination. After the restoration of imperial examination, the official ideological status of Neo-Confucianism was firmly established, which directly promoted the development of Neo-Confucianism. However, the scholars'' studying Neo-Confucianism in order to gain imperial fame was fundamentally different from the studying Neo-Confucianism with genuine dedication, especially since some of them regarded it as a means of seeking profits, which made Neo-Confucianism lose the internal power of development.