论公共政策制定过程中参与公众的发展

公众参与公共政策制定过程中,参与公众本身存在以下问题:参与公众的参与水平发育不均衡;参与公众本身整体上正处于发育阶段;参与公众的结构不合理;参与公众的组织化程度较低且发展不平衡;参与公众的参与需求旺盛但理性、能力不足;参与公众参与过程中理性和情绪的失衡.至少在现阶段,作为参与主体的公众仍然处于发育阶段,其成熟程度还难以支撑充分有效有序大规模的政治参与.所以,不仅要促进公众参与,更要促进公众本身的发育和成熟.促进参与公众本身发展的措施包括:推动社会阶级-阶层结构由金字塔形结构向菱形结构的转变;普及政策参与的公民教育;促进非政府组织发展;深化政治体制改革.

Development of Public Participation in Policy Formulation Process

In the process of public policy formulation the public who participate in the formulation show the following problems.They are not at the same cognitive level in participation,and they are just in an immature phase as a whole.The structural and organizational imbalance makes them not fully rational and qualified to do well in participation which is required more.And they will view something sometimes in participation impetuously.The facts reveal that their present maturity is hard to support the large-scale political participation orderly and efficiently.So,the growth and maturity are important and necessary to the public who are encouraged to participate in policy formulation,of which some measures to be taken include fostering the transformation of pyramid-type social structure into rhombic-type one,propagating the civil education for participating in policy formulation,expediting the development of non-governmental organizations especially deepening the political reform.