我国铁路客运竞争态势与应对策略研究——以外部竞争为视角

以经济性、快速性、便利性、舒适性、安全性和环保性作为旅客选择出行方式的影响因素来构建旅客效用函数,并运用Logit模型对铁路、公路与民航的竞争态势进行实证研究,结果表明：（1）在短程旅客运输中铁路市场份额较低,在中程旅客运输中铁路竞争力薄弱,在长程旅客运输中铁路有提升竞争力的空间;（2）因此,铁路短程旅客运输应以质取胜,中、长程旅客运输应以优取胜,并辅以价格浮动机制.

Competitive Situation and Coping Strategies for the Railway Passenger Transport Based on the Perspective of the External Competition

For in-depth analysis of the competitive situation among the railway and the other modes of transportation in the passenger transport market, we selected six factors including economy, speed, convenience, comfort, safety and the environmental ones which influence travelers＇ choices of travel mode, built the passenger utility function, and used the Logit model to make an empirical study of the competitive situation among the railways, highways and civil aviation. Studies have shown that in the short-range passenger transport the railway~ market share is low, in the medium-range passenger transport the railway has a weak competitiveness, and in the long-distance passenger transport the railway has the space to enhance the competitiveness. Finally, the coping strategies were proposed from three aspects： emphasizing quality in the short-range passenger transport, emphasizing the superiority in medium and long-haul passenger transport and establishing the mechanisms of price fluctuations.