园艺花卉专业实践教学改革的思考

园艺花卉专业本科生的毕业去向已经从过去的政府机关、科研单位逐渐向生产企业单位过渡；同时，大学生就业层次高与就业困难现象同时并存，有相当数量的毕业生实际应用能力较差，很难适应人才市场的需求。花卉专业实践课存在教学模式陈旧，学生缺少主动积极的思考；实践方式过于单一，学生真正到企业实践机会不多；实习基地建设有待完善，师资队伍建设有待提高。因此，需要创新教学理念，采用启发式、讨论式和互动式教学，提高实践教学效果；增加经费投入，建立稳定的、设施完善的综合性实践教学基地；深入花卉市场进行调查研究，并与相关花卉企业建立广泛的行业联系；加强师资队伍建设，适当增加实践教学时数，进行实验教学考核方法改革。

A Ponder on the Reform of Field Teaching of Ornamental Horticulture

With the changes of college student＇s status, their employment direction and the employer＇s demand, the practical ability of college students of horticuhura will be an important symbol of weighing their quality. The current college student education is gradually developing from ＂elite-oriented＂ to ＂mass-oriented ＂ to eater to the needs from the society. Currently, the graduates already take productive enterprises and ownerrun firms into more consideration, while in the past government bodies and scientific-research-oriented units were their preferences. However, the thirst for a high-level job and the reality of difficult employment coexist among the undergraduates of horticulture. Many graduates＂ operation ability is so poor that they can＇t come up to the standard of market of talents. Defects exist in the specialized practical course of ornamental horticulture, such as the too old teaching mode, the students lacking of active thinking, the monotone practice manner, the too few opportunities for students to practice in enterprises for students, the severe imperfection of students＇ fieldwork base, the urgent need of strengthening the teaching-staff-team building. So a series of measures should be taken to improve the specialized practice course of ornamental horticulture. For this purpose it is suggested that the concept on teaching should be innovated; the current teaching molds be reformed toward heuristic, discussible and interactive teaching in order to improve the effect of practice teaching; the financial support be increased to build a comprehensive practice teaching base with a stable work team, perfect equipments and facilities, and multiple funtions for practice teaching; investigations be made by going deep into markets of plants and flower; a wide trade connection with plants-and- flowers enterprises be established; the rank of teachers be strengthened; the practice teaching be given more teaching hours; and the checking method of experiment teaching be further innovated.