现代汉语介词“据”的形成及发展

现代汉语介词“据”来源于先秦动词“据”。“据”在先秦时期用在连动结构中,西汉时期,一些连动结构中的“据”可重新分析为介词,唐五代介词“据”发展成熟,宋代以后介词“据”进一步扩展。连动结构是引发动词“据”语法化的句法环境,而“据”后宾语由具体到抽象的扩展是引发“据”发生语义变化的动因。“据”由表示“杖持”的实词义到表示“依据”的语法义的语法化过程中经历了“倚、靠”义和“依仗”义的语义演变阶段。“据”的句法功能变化的机制是重新分析,而“据”发生语义演变致使语法意义产生的机制是隐喻。

Formation and Development of Preposition Ju in Modern Chinese

The preposition Ju comes from the verb Ju in Pre-Qin Period. The verb Ju was used in serial verb con- struetion in Pre-Qin Period;Ju was made a reanalysis in Serial verb construction in Han Dynasty. The verb Ju de- veloped the prepositional function ;Then, the prepositional function of Ju was matured in Tang Dynasty, after the Song Dynasty the prepositional function of Ju enlarged. Serial verb construction served as the syntactic conditions, verb Ju object from the concrete to the abstract extension is triggered Ju produce semantic variation Originally as a notional word with the meaning ＂support the body with a stick＂, Ju beeame the functional word which means ＂according to＂ ,through a mediating semantic stage meaning ＂lean on＂ or ＂relying on＂. The mechanism of ehan- ging its syntactic function was to make a reanalysis, and the mechanism of semantic evolution was metaphor.