国家与社会关系视野下的武汉抗战时期募捐

武汉抗战时期,国内各阶层民众国家意识的觉醒促进了国民政府中央权威的确立;为适应抗战需要,国民政府放松了对民众团体的控制,这些都为进行有效的社会整合创造了必要条件。在武汉发动的几次募捐运动中,国家整合与社会组织整合两种方式同时进行、互为补充,既发挥了国家政治核心的动员能力,又充分利用了社会组织广泛联系民众的纽带作用。通过自上而下、自下而上两条路径进行整合,从而实现了国家与社会的良性互动,各种募捐运动均取得良好的效果。

On the Donation in Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War from the Perspective of the Relationship between State and Society

During the anti-Japanese war in Wuhan, the awakening of the national awareness among people from all walks of life facilitated the establishment of the central authority of National Government. To meet the needs of the anti-Japanese war, national government slackened the control over the people groups, which provided the necessary requirements for social integration. In those donations launched in Wuhan, both national integration and social organizations integration carried out side by side and complemented each other. Thus, not only did national government give full play to their role as the political core, but also social organizations were made full use in linking the multitude. What's more, the integration adopted two different ways as top-down and bottom-up to realize the positive interaction between state and society and the various donations reached good ends.