从“家族类似”到“理想类型”——现代美学的再生之路

现代美学从知识论阐释框架转向生存论阐释框架,美学已不能够再走传统的从个别到一般的道路,那么美学应该走一条怎样的路?本文认为:可以尝试走本源与个别相互阐发的道路,而本源是"能动的本质".可以理解为维特根斯坦的家族相似与韦伯的理想类型.维特根斯坦的家族类似使美学的视野从相同转向了相通,而韦伯的理想类型则使美学找到了一条可以深入开掘具体思维的路径.以此,可以逐渐建立起一个必要的方法论体系,从而对美学所面对的种种美学问题予以理想地解决.

From "Family Similarity" to "Ideal Type"--Road to Rejuvenation of Modern Aesthetics

Modern aesthetics has shifted from the hermeneutic frame of knowledge theory to that of existential theory, making it impossible to re-take the traditional road of going "from the particular to the general". This paper holds that it can try the road of the origin and the particular interpreting each other, with the origin being the "dynamic essence". This can be understood as Wittgenstein's family similarity and Weber's ideal type. The former turns the vision of aesthetics from the same to interlinked, while the latter finds a road by which aesthetics can dig deeper into concrete thinking. On this basis, a necessary methodological system can be established to ideally solve the various problems that aesthetics faces.