王阳明“南赣乡约”的实践及其历史经验——明清乡约运动的典型个案研究

王阳明"南赣乡约"实践作为明清乡约运动的典范,其推行的乡约组织在适应性、专门化、自主性、凝聚力四个方面凸显了较高的制度化水平。"南赣乡约"组织的正当性、权威性是其成功的重要基础,而将乡民纳入到乡约组织中,由此获得乡民对"南赣乡约"的高度政治认同则是其取得良好效果的另一个重要内在因素。"南赣乡约"的历史经验主要有三:通过乡约制度及其乡约组织规范乡土社会公共行为;乡约须基于大多数乡民意愿而制定,民意即乡民合意性是乡约及其组织合法性、权威性的基础,也是透过乡约整合乡村社会秩序的关键;乡约可以将乡民组织起来,培养乡民参与乡村自治的能力。

Practice and historical experience of Nan Gan Villagers＇ Agreement of Wang Yang-ming： A typical case study of villagers＇ agreement movement in the Ming and Qing dynasty

Nan Gan Villagers＇ Agreement of Wang Yang-ming is the model of villagers＇ agreement movement in the Ming dynasty, and its villagers＇ agreement organization highlights a high level of institutionalization in the four aspects： adaptability、specialization、independence and cohesion. The legitimacy and authority of Nan Gan Villagers＇ Agreement is an important basis for success, and another important internal factor is which attains the political identity for Nan Gan Villagers＇ Agreement through bringing villagers into the villagers＇ agreement organization. The historical experience of Nan Gan Villagers＇ Agreement includes： establishing the public norms of social order through villagers＇ agreement organization; Villagers agreement is constituted on consensus, public opinion is the basis of the legitimacy and authority of villagers＇ agreement organization, and it also is the key to integrate the social order by villagers＇ agreement; the villagers＇ agreement can organize villagers and develop villagers＇ ability to participate the autonomy of villagers.