考虑碳排放的港口群混合轴辐式运输网络优化

探究港口群运输网络中海运、陆运的各项成本以及船舶、车辆的碳排放影响因素，在实现港口群运输网络总成本最小的目标下，构建考虑碳排放的港口群混合轴辐式运输网络优化模型，设计算例得到较为理想的海上航运网络、陆上集疏运系统的运量和运力配置方案，并深入分析参数变化对港口群运输网络产生的影响。研究表明:经济成本最小情景下的航速高于碳排放成本最小情景下的航速，航运企业宜将船速控制在18~22节之间，公路货运企业宜将车速控制在50~60千米/小时范围内；大多数港口选择载重较大的船舶直达或途经单个枢纽港直达目的港；碳排放权重、车辆成本系数、时间效用系数对港口群运输网络影响较大。加强对节能减排的重视，提高运输工具能效，关注货物种类和时间效用，合理配置资源优化网络，是港口群运输领域节能减排的有效途径。

Optimization of Hybrid Hub-and-Spoke Based Port Cluster Transportation Network Considering Carbon Emission

Global warming has caused widespread concern in the international community，and reducing carbon emissions have reached a consensus. Exploring costs of port cluster transportation network and factors about carbon emission, an optimization model of hybrid Hub-and-Spoke for port cluster transportation network is constructed for the realization of the minimum total cost of port cluster transportation network. Then a numerical example is given to demonstrate the application of the proposed model, and effects of various parameters on the port cluster transportation network are analyzed in-depth. Finally some conclusions are obtained that: the speed of the minimum economic costs is higher than that of the minimize carbon emission cost; sailing speed should be controlled between 18 and 22 knots, and vehicle speed should be controlled within 50 and 60 km/h; most ports chose larger vessels or vehicles directly or through single hub port to destination; carbon emissions weighting, vehicle cost coefficient, and time utility coefficient have greater impact on port cluster transport network. More emphasis on energy conservation, improvement of transport efficiency, attention to the type of goods and time utility, and rational allocation of resources to optimize the network, are effective ways for port cluster to implement energy saving and emission reduction.