民族性、时代性与晚清中国社会爱国主义辨析

近代中国如何救亡图存、富民强国？是否符合民族性或时代性要求？是否具有爱国主义精神和思想？往往是学界对近代中国特别是晚清社会历史人物的思想主张、功过是非，对政府和各社会阶级阶层的救国方策、行为措施做出评判结论的依据。事实上，坚持民族性与坚持时代性从根本上说是统一的，爱国主义的具体内容也因各类人物思想认识的不同而具霄壤之别。只有将民族性与时代性统一起来，分清传统爱国主义和近代爱国主义的本质区别，把是否符合时代性要求、坚持民族性立场的爱国主义，作为评价一切晚清历史人物、事件功过是非的标准，才能正确地总结历史经验教训。

Discrimination on National Character, Epochal Character and Patriotism of Chinese Society in Late Qing

In what way does modem China save the nation from subjugation so as to enable its survival, to enrich the people and make the country powerful？ The criterion which academic circles usually keep to comment on the points of view,merits and demerits of the historical figures of modern China - especially late Qing society, to judge the scheme, conduct and measures which the government,social class and stratum adopted to save the country, is whether to conform to demands of national character or epochal character and whether to possess the spirit of patriotism. In fact, persisting in national character and complying with request of epochal character are fundamentally unified. Various views of different people result in the different contents of patriotism . Only if we unify the national character and request of epochal charac- ter, draw a clear distinction between traditional patriotism and modern patriotism essentially, appraise the merits and de- merits of all historical figures and events of late Qing society by the criterion whether to accord with the request of Epochal character and persist in stand of national character, can we sum up the historical experience and lesson correctly.