垂直管理体制下地方政府与环保部门的权责对称取向

当前,严峻的生态环境形势以及环境治理困境倒逼环保管理体制改革,省级以下环保机构监测监察执法实行垂直管理正是结合全面深化改革背景下的一种应然的理性选择。基于地方政府限权和环保部门放权的分析框架认为,环保部门实行垂直管理体制虽然能突破"属地管理"和"双重领导"带来的执法困境,但并不能完全抵制地方政府以其他形式进行合法性行政干预造成的权责不对称。因此,应通过加强"权责匹配"与"执法下沉"协同规避"地方化";突出"责任倒查"与"执法督察"结合强化"行政问责";注重"跨部门合作"与"社会参与"互动实现"协同治理"等方式动态调整地方政府限权与环保部门放权之间的平衡点,进而实现地方政府与环保部门权责对称。

The Symmetry of Power and Responsibility between Local Government and Environmental Protection Department under Vertical Management System

At present, the severe situation of ecological environment and the environmental governance dilemma forced the reform of the management system of environmental protection, so it is a rational choice for environmental monitoring agencies below the provincial level to implement vertical management in environmental supervision and law enforcement in the context of a comprehensive deepening reform. According to the analysis framework based on the power of local governments and the decentralization of environmental protection departments, if the environmental protection departments implement the vertical management system, the law enforcement dilemma brought about by "territorial management" and "dual leadership" can be tackled, but the system cannot completely resist the asymmetry of power and responsibility caused by other forms of legitimate administrative intervention of local governments.Therefore, "the sense of responsibility" and "law enforcement" should be strengthened simultaneously to avoid "localization"; "the sense of duty" and "law enforcement supervision" should be highlighted to implement "administrative accountability"; "cross-sectoral cooperation" and "social participation" should be emphasized to achieve interactive "cooperative governance" and strike a balance between governments''rights and the environmental protection department decentralization, and then render the rights and responsibilities of local governments and environmental protection departments symmetric.