从台湾原住民祖灵信仰看高砂义勇军

1895年日本通过《马关条约》吞并了中国台湾。从1937年抗日战争全面爆发后到1945年8月日本投降，日本从台湾征兵共20万人。由于日本人将台湾原住民称为高砂族，便将从台湾原住民中8次征兵所有的2万多人称为“高砂义勇军”，这2万多人被派往马尼拉、新几内亚、拉哇鲁。高砂义勇军上了战场后在日军中地位极低，给日军打杂挑担，被日本人称为“苦力者”，没有地位，也没有军阶，最后能活着回来的，只有三分之一。就在这三分之一中，多数还是伤残。日本战败后，少数别有用心的日本人将在战争中战死的高砂义勇军的灵位放在靖国神社中，还宣称“台湾人是爱日本的”、“台湾人愿意做日本人”。而事实上在日治时期的台湾原住民，是被日军或胁迫或利用下被迫或少部分自愿成为“高砂义勇军”的。本文从原住民祖灵信仰的角度，研究高砂义勇军，探讨他们悲剧性命运的一个成因。

On the Gau-Sha Volunteer Force from the Ancestral Worship of Taiwan Aborigines

Japan annexed Taiwan from China through the Treaty of Maguan in 1895.From the beginning of Anti-Japanese War in 1937 to Japan surrendering in August,1945,Japan drafted about 200,000 soldiers altogether from Taiwan,and about 20,000 of them were from aboriginal tribe in Taiwan.Because the Japanese called the Taiwanese aboriginals as "Gau-Sha tribe",they named the 20,000 drafted soldiers of totally 8 times as "Gau-Sha volunteer force",and these 20,000 people were sent to Manila,New Guinea and Giravaru.Their position was extremely low in the Japanese aggressor troop once the Gau-Sha volunteer troops have gone to the front.They carried load and did odds for the Japanese aggressor troop,and were called "coolie persons" by Japanese.They did not have status or military rank,and only 1/3 of them were back home alive,permanently disable mostly.After Japan was defeated,some Japanese still put the monument of Gau-Sha volunteer troops in Yasukuni Shrine in the efficacious location to declare "Taiwanese loves Japan","Taiwanese would like to be Japanese".However,most of these Taiwanese aboriginals were forced to become "Gau-Sha volunteer troops" in Japanese aggressor troop.This article researches Gau-Sha volunteer force and the original cause of their tragic life from the perspective of ancestral worship of the Taiwanese aborigines.